| Citation: |
Bei An, Lixun Zhang, Yutao Wang, Sen Song. 2020: Comparative phylogeography of two sister species of snowcock: impacts of species-specific altitude preference and life history. Avian Research, 11(1): 1. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-019-0187-0
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Phylogeographical patterns and population dynamics are usually interpreted by environmental disturbances and geographic barriers of the past. However, sister species may exhibit disparate patterns of genetic structures and population dynamics due to their habitat preference and altitude segregation. In this study, we tested how species-specific altitude habitat affected phylogeographical patterns in two sister snowcock species, Tibetan (Tetraogallus tibetanus) and Himalayan Snowcocks (T. himalayensis).
A panel of seven microsatellite loci and a fragment of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region were used to investigate genetic structures and population dynamics in hope of revealing the underlying evolutionary processes through the identification of possible past demographic events.
Our results suggest that T. himalayensis showed a significant phylogeographical signal in mtDNA (FST = 0.66, p < 0.001) and microsatellite (FST = 0.11, p < 0.001) data and is stable during the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene and followed demographic contraction until 0.003 million years (Mys) ago. The phylogeographical signal of T. tibetanus is lower than the level of genetic difference among populations in mtDNA (FST = 0.41, p < 0.001) and microsatellite (FST = 0.09, p < 0.001) data, likely benefiting from stable habitats over a long period of time. T. tibetanus has been experiencing expansion since 0.09 Mys ago. However, an abnormally haplotype H9 from T. himalayensis clustering with T. tibetanus was spotted.
Our results indicate that differences in habitat preference and altitude specialities were reflected in the genetic structure patterns and population dynamics of these two species. These dissimilarities in life history traits might have affected the dispersal and survival abilities of these two species differently during environmental fluctuations. The results of this study also enriched our knowledge on population differentiation and connectivity in high altitude mountain ecosystems.
An adult Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) was observed in the Longjing reservoir of Baise City, northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on 3 October 2010. It is the first record of this big stork in Guangxi, southwestern China. The Longjing reservoir is located in the Youjiang district of Baise, with a total area of about 200 ha. This reservoir, surrounded by Masson pines (Pinus massoniana), is also a fishpond for local people. The reservoir was draining water to net fishes when we detected this stork. The stork foraged snails and fishes at the edge of the reservoir every noon. It also picked up dead fishes from the net. Sometimes it even bit at the dobbers of fishing nets. Many waterbirds, including the Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), the Chinese Pond-Heron (Ardeola bacchus) and the Grey-headed Lapwing (Vanellus cinereus) foraged for food with this stork. It was the most cautious among these waterbirds. It often stayed on high branches of Pinus massoniana trees. Only after other birds foraged for a long time, did it came down to the reservoir. This stork stayed in the Longjing reservoir for about three days and we never saw it after 6 October.
The Asian Open-billed Stork is a waterbird not difficult to identify, commonly appearing in southeastern Asia, in countries such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and India (Zheng et al., 2002; Robson, 2005; BirdLife International, 2009). The first record of the Asia Open-billed Stork was prepared by a Chinese birdwatcher, Yitian Wang, in Xihu lake, Dali City, Yunnan Province in October 2006. Since its first occurrence in China, the Asian Open-billed Stork had not been recorded during the following four years. The stork has, since then, been recorded three times in southwestern China this year. Six Asia Open-billed Storks appeared in Jinggu County, southwestern Yunnan Province in July 2010 and two were observed in Anshun County, southwestern Guizhou Province in September 2010. Baise City is adjacent to China's Guizhou and Yunnan provinces and Vietnam. The distance from Baise City to Anshun County is about 300 km, as the stork flies. Although the Asian Open-billed Stork is a colonial breeder, resident in India, it usually leaves its breeding place every December (Pramanik et al., 2009). Is it an occasional event for the Asia Open-billed Stork to migrate in exceptional weather, or is southwestern China a potential overwintering area? The questions need more surveys of this bird to be answered.
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| Zhijun Ma, Chi-Yeung Choi, Xiaojing Gan, Jing Li, Yang Liu, David S. Melville, Tong Mu, Theunis Piersma, Zhengwang Zhang. 2023: Corrigendum to "Achievements, challenges, and recommendations for waterbird conservation in China's coastal wetlands" [Avian Res. 14 (2023) 100123]. Avian Research, 14(1): 100133. DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100133 | |
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